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All about allergy

Stress, which is somewhat inevitable given today's demanding lifestyles, accounts for many diseases, among which is allergy. About 30 to 40 percent of the world's population is said to have allergy, which doctor Hiyasmin Lim reports to be on the rise these past few years.
"Allergy is a disease with many faces," she says. From nose itchiness to watery eyes to allergic rhinitis (the most common in the Philippines at 32 percent), allergy affects everyone regardless of age, gender and race.
Lim defines allergy as "a chemical reaction that develops from minutes to hours" due to "a complex interaction between genetics and environment."
An allergy, she says, is sometimes hereditary. If both parents have allergies, their children have a 50 to 80 percent risk of developing the same kind of allergy as the parents. If one parent has, there is a 30 to 40 percent chance. If none of the parents has, their offspring still have a five to 15 percent probability of developing such because there is someone in the family tree who has it, Lim explains.
IGE antibodies, cells that are sometimes genetic, develop as a person is first exposed to an allergen. Lim says these cells attach themselves into muscles, so every time the person contacts the allergen with which these cells associate, these become inflamed and manifest as rashes, sneezing and other allergy manifestations.  
Allergy can also be caused by the environment. Normal skin has a pH balance of 5.5 to 6.5, which should be maintained to keep the skin's ceramide healthy. Ceramide acts like a hollow block that prevents foreign substances from entering the skin, Lim says.
If the skin's pH becomes high and disturbed by humidity and hot water, the skin becomes dry. The ceramide shield breaks down, a condition Lim calls epidermal barrier dysfunction that allows allergens to intrude.
Allergens include stress, animal dander, sweat, dust and dust mites, and in Metro Manila, cockroaches, whose leftover parts are also allergens. Dust mites can destroy the skin's shield, Lim warns.
"A hairy dog brings more allergens than a short-haired one. If you're allergic to animal dander, choose something like fish for a pet," she endorses.
According to a University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital study, seafood and shellfish are the most common causes of food allergy in the Philippines. Other common food allergy sources include cow's milk (so breastfeeding is still better, Lim notes), soy, eggs, peanuts and peanut butter (which is said to be more common in the US than in the Philippines).
Among vegetables, legumes or those with many seeds cause the most allergies, while among fruits, mangoes, pineapples and strawberries are the common allergens, Lim says. A person can be allergic to foods from the same food family. He or she may also get allergies from taking a certain medicine or if stung or touched by a certain insect.
Alcohol is not an allergen, but an irritant, Lim clarifies. An allergen causes reaction each time a person gets in contact with it, while an irritant affects a person just occasionally. Irritants may come in the form of wool or occlusive clothes and strong-smelling detergent soaps.
The allergy atopic dermatitis happens on dry skin, when there is an abnormal lipid content that makes skin sensitive, triggered by soap ingredients that act as irritants. A chronic, relapsing disease commonly linked to respiratory disease, atopic dermatitis, Lim says, is relatively common in first to five years of life. She says it is reddish and very itchy, and often appears as rashes in the face, cheeks, scalp, forehead, and sometimes in the neck and extensors like knee joints. She says it is easier to treat in children than in adults, where it usually appears on trunks, hands and feet.
Another kind of allergy is allergic asthma, characterized by chest pain, cough and breathlessness and triggered by pollens and dust. Lim estimates that about 40 to 50 percent of those with skin asthma can develop nose and asthma in later life.

Allergy alleviation
Due to hormonal changes caused by pregnancy, pre-menstruation and stress, allergies can exacerbate and cause lesions and asthma attacks.
An allergy makes children prone to infection. Once itchy, allergy scratches lead to cuts, Lim precautions. "Some allergies around the eyes can cause cataracts because of scratching the eyes," she adds.
Because of these, she recommends treating allergy immediately. This can be done, first, by identifying and eliminating risk factors. Doctors like Lim usually trace a person's medical history, do lab tests for identifying the allergy, and ask patients to avoid triggers.
As a basic treatment, she recommends having a warm soothing bath for 15 to 20 minutes only once a day, which is just enough to remove allergens and irritants. Doing it more than twice will make the skin lose too much moisture and eventually dry it.
After bath, put on a moisturizer. Lim recommends using Cetaphil soaps and moisturizers and other gentle, fragrance-free, non-comedogenic products with emollient properties that restore the integrity of the skin's shield.
Also as a kind of prevention, she suggests shying away from preservatives and eating only fresh seafood as opposed to the one stuck in the fridge for over a week. It can also help, she says, to do immunotherapy — eat a food you are allergic to little by little until you become immune to it or avoid a food you are allergic to for several months before trying to eat it again.
Desensitization, one of doctors' approved treatments, involves injecting the allergen from every other week in six months to three to five years until the person gets used to the allergen. For severe and serious allergies, do not self diagnose. Consult a pediatrician or dermatologist.

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